Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
A three-dimensional analysis of the development of cranial nerves in human embryos. / Smit, Johannes A.; Jacobs, Karl; Bais, Babette et al.
In: Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.), Vol. 35, No. 5, 07.2022, p. 666-672.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - A three-dimensional analysis of the development of cranial nerves in human embryos
AU - Smit, Johannes A.
AU - Jacobs, Karl
AU - Bais, Babette
AU - Meijer, Berrie
AU - Seinen, Marjolein N.
AU - de Bree, Karel
AU - Veldhuis, Tyas
AU - Hagoort, Jaco
AU - de Jong, Kees H.
AU - Breugem, Corstiaan C.
AU - Oostra, Roelof-Jan
AU - de Bakker, Bernadette S.
N1 - Funding Information: We are grateful to E. Lockett and E. Wilson of the National Museum of Health and Medicine in Silver Spring, USA for providing access to the Carnegie collection. A.F.M. Moorman is acknowledged for his useful input in the research design. J.M. Ruijter and B.J. Boukens are acknowledged for their statistical support. We thank S. Zomer and L. Kuil for segmenting the cranial nerves. The De Snoo–van 't Hoogerhuijs Foundation is gratefully acknowledged for funding this research. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists and British Association of Clinical Anatomists.
PY - 2022/7
Y1 - 2022/7
N2 - To increase our understanding of the etiology of specific neurological disorders (e.g., Duane syndrome, glossoptosis in Pierre Robin sequence), proper knowledge of anatomy and embryology of cranial nerves is necessary. We investigated cranial nerve development, studied histological sections of human embryos, and quantitatively analyzed the 3D reconstructions. A total of 28 sectioned and histologically stained human embryos (Carnegie stage [CS] 10 to 23 [21–60 days of development]) were completely digitalized by manual annotation using Amira software. Two specimens per stage were analyzed. Moreover, quantitative volume measurements were performed to assess relative growth of the cranial nerves. A chronologic overview of the morphologic development of each of the 12 cranial nerves, from neural tube to target organ, was provided. Most cranial nerves start developing at CS 12 to 13 (26–32 days of development) and will reach their target organ in stage 17 to 18 (41–46 days). In comparison to the rest of the developing brain, a trend could be identified in which relative growth of the cranial nerves increases at early stages, peaks at CS 17 and slowly decreases afterwards. The development of cranial nerves in human embryos is presented in a comprehensive 3D fashion. An interactive 3D-PDF is provided to illuminate the development of the cranial nerves in human embryos for educational purposes. This is the first time that volume measurements of cranial nerves in the human embryonic period have been presented.
AB - To increase our understanding of the etiology of specific neurological disorders (e.g., Duane syndrome, glossoptosis in Pierre Robin sequence), proper knowledge of anatomy and embryology of cranial nerves is necessary. We investigated cranial nerve development, studied histological sections of human embryos, and quantitatively analyzed the 3D reconstructions. A total of 28 sectioned and histologically stained human embryos (Carnegie stage [CS] 10 to 23 [21–60 days of development]) were completely digitalized by manual annotation using Amira software. Two specimens per stage were analyzed. Moreover, quantitative volume measurements were performed to assess relative growth of the cranial nerves. A chronologic overview of the morphologic development of each of the 12 cranial nerves, from neural tube to target organ, was provided. Most cranial nerves start developing at CS 12 to 13 (26–32 days of development) and will reach their target organ in stage 17 to 18 (41–46 days). In comparison to the rest of the developing brain, a trend could be identified in which relative growth of the cranial nerves increases at early stages, peaks at CS 17 and slowly decreases afterwards. The development of cranial nerves in human embryos is presented in a comprehensive 3D fashion. An interactive 3D-PDF is provided to illuminate the development of the cranial nerves in human embryos for educational purposes. This is the first time that volume measurements of cranial nerves in the human embryonic period have been presented.
KW - 3D
KW - anatomy
KW - cranial nerves
KW - embryology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129330472&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/ca.23889
DO - 10.1002/ca.23889
M3 - Article
C2 - 35445445
VL - 35
SP - 666
EP - 672
JO - Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
JF - Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
SN - 0897-3806
IS - 5
ER -
ID: 23446673